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Plants
are composed of living cells, which serve
a variety of functions. It is the liquid
within the living cell, which forms the
basis of most plant extracts. The extracts
can be made from both fresh or dry plant
material. With fresh plants the most common
means of extraction involves crushing,
to rupture the cell walls, followed by
solvent extraction, to dilute and leach
out the contained liquid. The common solvents
for cosmetic use are water, alcohol or
glycols.
Oils
can be extracted from plants through crushing,
cold pressing or solvent extraction. Essential
oils are usually distilled and used for
their high aromas or antiseptic qualities
while fixed vegetable oils are emollient
and moisturizing.
One
of the most popular plant extracts used
in toners and astringent preparations
is an extract of the shrub Witch hazel,
a native of Nth America. Other astringents
include birch, golden rod, nettle and
yarrow. The natural juices of some fruits
and vegetables contain minerals, vitamins
and amino acids. The Australian Kakadu
plum for example offers the highest variability
of vitamin C, greater than oranges, rosehips
or Hibiscus flowers. Cucumber extract
have a softening effect on hard roughened
skin. Cucumbers is used traditionally
in tonics, fresheners and cleansers.
Natural
occurrences and organically grown extracts
obviously a factor in popularity of plant
extracts in personal care products today.
So much is said about the dangers of synthetics
that many have yet to be seen as toxic.
It goes without saying that the more we
use plant extracts the closer we become
in not only protecting our skin and the
planet, the closer we become to benefit
from what the Earth has to offer. For
an example a well excepted oil (wax) that
has been rediscovered that is safe and
non-toxic is Jojoba oil. Environmentalist
welcomed jojoba in the 1970s as a substitute
for sperm whale oil. The oil is an excellent
emollient in skin creams and has proved
to be a great treasure.
Ginseng
is a native of China and Korea and is
applied in creams and lotions for its
ability to rejuvenate the skin and is
said to promote hair growth. So to nettle,
burdock and horsetail herb are also known
to have strengthening and hair growth
capabilities. Chamomile is used treat
dry skin, highlight hair and for its mild
anti-inflammatory properties.
The
major effects of Aloe Vera extract in
preparations for the skin and hair are
known to increase healing and have anti-inflammatory
properties as well. Testimonial to the
efficiency of Aloe Vera is its use in
skin treatments products by large cosmetic
houses and has been documented as early
as 1552BC.
Coconut
oil has been popular to promote suntan,
it does keep the skin moist and this enhances
rapid tanning. You would be wise to look
at formulas that have sun-screening benefits,
as we are all aware of the dangers of
prolonged exposure to the sun. Sesame
and rice bran oils have some sun-screening
properties but should not be used alone
for protective or sun block action.
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